Agriculture
1. Legal framework
The Investment Code (Cf. Law n° 004/2002 of 21/02/2002)
The new Investment Code has the following objectives:
- Promote the establishment of civil engineering companies responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads and highways as well as those involved in the public transportation of people and goods, whether by land, river or air;
- Promote investments that will develop agriculture and agro-industry through mechanization with a view to ensuring food self-sufficiency in order to reduce imports of basic products and increase incomes in rural communities, improve the supply of raw materials to the food-processing industry and expand the internal market for consumer goods;
- Foster heavy investment to establish a solid industrial base for sustainable economic growth;
- Foster investment in the development of domestic natural resources at home in order to increase their value added and exportable volume.
Decree n°13/049 of 06/10/2014 on the tax regime applicable to companies eligible for the Strategic Partnership on the value chain
The purpose of the above-mentioned Decree is to establish a development tax as an integral part of the legal framework for economic promotion and the revival of national industrial units capable of improving the living conditions of national communities.
It is an instrument of economic promotion that will help the Government and the private sector to direct, structure and implement investment partnership programs in sectors and industries that have significant integration potential, the implementation of which will enable a large section of the population to participate in economic and social activity in specific geographical areas.
Agricultural Code (Law n°11/022 of 24 December 2011 on fundamental principles relating to agriculture)
The purpose of the Agricultural Code is to:
- Promote the sustainable development of the potential and the agricultural area, integrating social and environmental aspects;
- Stimulate agricultural production through the introduction of a special customs and tax regime with a view to achieving, inter alia, food self-sufficiency;
- Boost exports of agricultural products in order to generate substantial resources for investment;
- Promote the local agricultural processing industry;
- Attract new renewable energy technologies;
- Involve the province, the decentralized territorial entity and the farmer in the promotion and implementation of agricultural development.
2. Potential and advantages
The Democratic Republic of the Congo offers several investment opportunities in the agricultural sector from production to marketing, in order to create a competitive value chain in the sub-region.
With its exceptional agronomic potential and an area of agricultural land unequalled in Africa, the DRC is able to feed 2 billion people.
Indeed, the DR Congo has more than 80 million arable lands, of which less than 10% are currently exploited. The diversity of climates, supported by an important hydrographic network allows for a wide range of agricultural speculation.
The grasslands and savannahs are likely to support a livestock population of around 40 million head of cattle. Tropical forests, which occupy 135 million hectares, or 52% of the territory, constitute an important reserve of biodiversity and developable land.
While the potential for irrigation is estimated at 4 million hectares, it is currently still modest.
The fishing potential, located in the Congolese parts of the Atlantic Ocean, the Congo River and all the lakes, is estimated at 707,000 tons of fish per year.
2.1 Climates and Rainfall
1. Climate
Average annual temperature:
- Minima
- Central bowl to the coast: 16°C
- North: 20°C
- East: 10°C
- Southern part: 16°C
- Maxima
- Central bowl to the coast: 30°C
- North: 30.7°C
- East: 23°C
- Southern part: 29.8°C
2. Rainfall
- Central bowl to the coast: 1,500 mm (approx. 9 months)
- North: 1,800 mm (approx. 11 months)
- East: 1,000 mm (approx. 6 months)
- Southern part: 1.500 mm (6 months)
2.2 Vegetation by Province
|
Provinces |
Type of vegetation |
Provinces |
Type of vegetation |
|
Kinshasa |
- Wooded savannah - Prairie - Secondary forests |
Nord Ubangi |
- Dense humid forest - Secondary forest - Prairie - Wooded savannah |
|
Kongo Central |
- Mangroves - Steppes - Forest - Forest galleries |
Sud Ubangi |
- Edaphic Forest - Dense humid forest - Secondary forest - Wooded savannah - Prairie |
|
Mai Ndombe |
- Dense humid forest - Wooded savannah - Forest galleries - Prairie |
Mongala |
- Dense humid forest - Secondary forest - Edaphic Forest - Savanna |
|
Kwilu |
- Dense humid forest - Dense forest - Wooded savannah - Prairie - Forest gallery |
Equateur |
- Rainforest - Secondary savannah at Imperata - Deciduous forest |
|
Kwango |
- Dense forest - Wooded savannah - Prairie |
Tshuapa |
- Dense humid forest - Secondary forest - Edaphic Forest |
|
Kasaï |
- Dense forest - Wooded savannah - Grassy savannah |
Sankuru |
- Dense humid forest - Secondary forest - Wooded savannah - Prairie |
|
Kasaï Central |
- Dense humid forest - Savannah interspersed with forest shreds - Prairie |
Lomami |
- Grassy savannah - Savanna - Dense humid forest - Clear forest (Miombo) |
|
Kasaï Occidental |
- Dense humid forest - Wooded savannah - Prairie |
Tanganyika |
- Dense forest - Clear forest (Miombo) - Bamboo forests - Savanna - Prairie |
|
Maniema |
- Dense humid forest - Wooded savannah - Forest galleries along watercourses. |
Haut Lomami |
- Dense forest - Clear forest (Miombo) - Savanna - Swampy meadow |
|
Bas Uele |
- Dense humid forest - Secondary forest - Forest galleries - Wooded savannah - Prairie |
Haut Katanga |
- Clear forest (Miombo) - Wooded savannah - Grassy savannah - Swampy meadow |
|
Provinces |
Type of vegetation |
Provinces |
Type of vegetation |
|
Haut Uele |
- Dense humid forest - Secondary forest - Forest galleries - Wooded savannah - Prairie |
Lualaba |
- Dense forest - Clear forest (Miombo) - Wooded savannah - Prairie |
|
Tshopo |
- Dense humid forest - Secondary forest - Edaphic Forest |
Nord Kivu |
- Savannahs - Sclerophyllous clear forest with arborescent stratum - Mountain rainforests - Dense forest - Equatorial forest in Gilbertiod- nedron |
|
Ituri |
- Dense humid forest - Forest galleries - Secondary forest - Wooded savannah - Prairie |
Sud Kivu |
- Low-lying dense forest - Dense mountain forest - Savannah - Steppes - High altitude bamboo forest |
Source:
- Study of the Agricultural Sector - Diagnostic review report and guidance note, 2009.
- Information taken from the 1998 provincial monograph of the Ministry of Agriculture and adapted to the new territorial division.
A view of the Congolese vegetation
2.3. Soils by Province
|
Provinces |
Type of soils |
Provinces |
Type of soils |
|
Kinshasa |
- Ferrasols - Sandy clay - Sandy |
Nord Ubangi |
- Clayey to sandy silt - Clayey sand |
|
Kongo Central |
- Sandy soils - Sandy clay soils - Sandy-clay soils with clay stains |
Sud Ubangi |
- - Clayey to sandy silt - - Clayey sand |
|
Mai Ndombe |
- Ferrasols - Sandy clay - Sandy |
Mongala |
- Clayey to sandy silt - Clayey sand |
|
Kwilu |
- Ferrasols - Sandy clay - Sandy |
Equateur |
- Clayey to sandy silt - Clayey sand |
|
Kwango |
- Ferrasols - Sandy clay - Sandy |
Tshuapa |
- Clayey to sandy silt - Clayey sand |
|
Kasai |
- Arenoferrasols on sand - Ferralitic soils - Ferrisols |
Sankuru |
- Arenoferrasols on sand - Ferralitic soils - Ferrisols |
|
Kasaï Central |
- Arenoferrasols on sand - Ferralitic soils - Ferrisols |
Lomami |
- Arenoferrasols on sand - Ferralitic soils - Ferrisols |
|
Kasaï Occidental |
- Arenoferrasols on sand - Ferralitic soils - Ferrisols |
Tanganyika |
- Ferrisols - Areno - ferrals - Hydro - kaolisols - Ferrisols - Recent tropical soils - Tropical black earths on alluvium. |
|
Maniema |
- Ferrisols |
Haut Lomami |
- Ferrisols - Areno - ferrals - Hydro - kaolisols - Ferrisols - Recent tropical soils - Tropical black earths on alluvium. |
|
Bas Uele |
- Ferrisols (yellow, red and ochre latosols) |
Haut Katanga |
- Ferrisols - Areno - ferrals - Hydro - kaolisols - Ferrisols - Recent tropical soils - Tropical black earths on alluvium. |
|
Provinces |
Type de sols |
Provinces |
Type de sols |
|
Haut Uele |
- Ferrisols (yellow, red and ochre latosols) |
Lualaba |
- Ferrisols - Areno - ferrals - Hydro - kaolisols - Ferrisols - Recent tropical soils - Tropical black earths on alluvium |
|
Tshopo |
- Ferrisols (yellow, red and ochre latosols) |
Nord Kivu |
- Recent volcanic soils - Alluvial Plain Soils - Soils of ancient rocks |
|
Ituri |
- Ferrisols (yellow, red and ochre latosols) |
Sud Kivu |
- Recent Volcanic Soils/Raw Mineral Soils - Ancient volcanic soils - Alluvial Plain or Black Tropical Soils - Soils derived from ancient rocks |
Source: Information taken from the 1998 provincial monograph of the Ministry of Agriculture and adapted to the new territorial division.
Table n°1: Area of main soil types
|
Class |
Area Ha |
% |
|
Kaolisols |
215 819 332 |
92.03 |
|
Tropical brown soils |
552 925 |
0.24 |
|
Raw Mineral Soils |
393 764 |
0.17 |
|
Recent tropical soils |
12 690 719 |
5.41 |
|
Tropical Black Earths |
924 747 |
0.39 |
|
Water |
4 115 600 |
1.76 |
|
Total |
234 497 087 |
100 |
Source: Source: Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Department, Kinshasa, May 2012
Graph n°1: Area of main soil types
Source: Drawn up from Table 1.
2.4. Agro-ecological zones
|
Provinces |
Agro-ecological zones |
|
Kinshasa |
- Sub-equatorial humid dense forest - Steppe Savannah of the Batéké Plateaus |
|
Kongo-Central |
- Sub-equatorial humid dense forest - Secondary forest with savannah islands - Forest in gallery - Dense humid forest mixed with light forest |
|
Kwango, Kwilu et Mai-Ndombe |
- Sub-equatorial humid dense forest - Dense humid forest with savannah islands - Edaphic Forest - Steppe savannas of the Kwango plateaus - Rainforest with savannah islands |
|
Equateur, Nord et Sud Ubangui et Mongala |
- Edaphic Forest - Secondary forest with savannah islands - Evergreen dense humid forest - Dense forest mixed with decaying forest |
|
Maniema |
- Evergreen dense humid forest - Dense humid forest with savannah islands - Dense mountain rainforest |
|
Tshopo, Haut-Uele, Bas-Uele and Ituri |
- Sub-equatorial humid dense forest - Grassy savannahs - Dense humid forest in degradation - Secondary dense forest with savannah islands |
|
Nord-Kivu |
- Evergreen dense humid forest - Dense mountain rainforest - Substitute grass formation |
|
Sud-Kivu |
- Dense mountain rainforest - Evergreen dense humid forest |
|
Haut Katanga, Lualaba, Haut Lomami and Tanganyika |
- Rainforest tropophile - Steppe savannas of the Katangese highlands - Swampy formation - Wooded savannahs - Degraded open forest surrounded by shrubby savannahs |
|
Kasaï-Central |
- Secondary dense forest with savannah islands - Sub-equatorial humid dense forest - Forest in gallery |
|
Kasaï-Oriental |
- Forest in gallery - Secondary dense forest with savannah islands - Sub-equatorial humid dense forest |
Source: Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Department (SNSA); Kinshasa, 2017.
2.5. Priority sectors
Within the framework of the revival of agro-industry in the DRC, several sectors have been selected on the basis of several factors such as the state of existing resources, old or new traditions, the degree of organization of producers, the presence or absence of development projects, the state of infrastructure, the availability of land, regulations and the business climate.
- a) Industrialized commodity chains: coffee, cocoa, tea, cinchona, rubber, sugar, palm oil (vegetable commodity chains); cattle, pigs, poultry (animal commodity chains);
- b) Sectors with high potential for industrial development: maize, manioc, rice, and soya;
- c) Sectors of socio-economic importance for the grassroots communities: fishing, fish farming.
3. Achievements
- The agricultural sector in the DRC contributed 18% to GDP in 2015.
- The evolution of agricultural products through speculation is as follows:
Table n°3: Production of agricultural products by speculation (in tons)
|
PRODUCTS |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
1. Cereals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corn |
1 782 273 |
1 892 657 |
1 938 044 |
1 986 099 |
2035345 |
2039009 |
|
Paddy rice |
754 872 |
709 417 |
645 184 |
811 218 |
1 019 979 |
1021815 |
|
Millet/Sorghum |
44 694 |
45 136 |
45 583 |
46 034 |
46 080 |
46163 |
|
2. Roots and Tubers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manioc |
31 263 811 |
32 138 534 |
33 033 366 |
33 938 252 |
34 867 925 |
34930687 |
|
Sweet potato |
428 392 |
440 407 |
452 669 |
465 067 |
477 804 |
478664 |
|
Yam |
90 875 |
92 919 |
95 196 |
97 709 |
100 406 |
100587 |
|
Taro |
66 011 |
66 213 |
66 437 |
67 600 |
67 795 |
67917 |
|
Potato |
95 213 |
96 023 |
97 848 |
98 704 |
99 572 |
99751 |
|
3. Leguminous plant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bean |
229 873 |
238 124 |
247 196 |
248 075 |
248 957 |
249405 |
|
Cowpea |
62 413 |
64 264 |
66 176 |
68 094 |
70 042 |
70168 |
|
Pea |
1 322 |
1 334 |
1 346 |
1 359 |
1 372 |
1374 |
|
Cajanus pea (pigeon pea) |
5 960 |
6 018 |
6 077 |
6 137 |
6 197 |
6208 |
|
Voandzou (Bambara Pea) |
9 566 |
9 852 |
10 134 |
10 436 |
10 741 |
10760 |
|
4. Oilseeds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peanut |
389 654 |
397 372 |
405 277 |
413 342 |
421 568 |
422327 |
|
Soya |
18 566 |
19 679 |
20 053 |
20 434 |
20 943 |
20981 |
|
5. Fruits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soft banana |
746 280 |
767 160 |
788 520 |
810 120 |
832 312 |
833810 |
|
Plantain banana |
2 777 820 |
2 855 540 |
2 935 047 |
3 815 447 |
4 959 932 |
4968860 |
|
Beer banana |
715 442 |
721 523 |
727 728 |
734 132 |
740 666 |
741999 |
Source: Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Department (SNSA)
Table n°4: Investment projects to be carrier out in the framework of the Public-Private Partnership
|
AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PARKS |
||||||
|
N° |
Names |
Provinces |
Area in Hectare |
Characteristics |
Cost/USD |
Production |
|
01 |
NKUNDI |
Bas-Congo |
18.000 |
- 100 Km from the Port of Matadi - 130 Km from Kinshasa - Near the Congo River |
1.718.365.160 |
Chicken, Beef, Pork and Goat Meat |
|
02 |
TURUNGU |
Sud-Kivu |
39.000 |
- Near the Luama River - 115 Km from Goma - 153 Km from Kasongo |
1.922.712.707 |
Fish, Vegetables, Corn and Peanuts |
|
03 |
LOWA |
Nord-Kivu |
187.000 |
Crossing by the Lowa River. |
2.583.497.471 |
|
|
04 |
GBADOLITE |
Equateur |
77.000 |
Located along the Oubangi River |
1.599.990.750 |
|
|
05 |
KINDU |
Maniema |
150.000 |
Not far from the Congo River (Lualaba) |
3.906.655,918 |
Corn, Soya, Peanut, Beef, Goat, Pork, Chicken, Fish, Vegetables |
|
06 |
KANIAMA KASESE |
Katanga |
106.500 |
The site stretches on both sides of the Sankuru River. |
1.077.464.000 |
Corn, Soya, Rice, Peanut, Beef and goat meat, Chicken, vegetables |
|
07 |
LUIZA |
Kasaï-Occidental |
84.000 |
- Along the Lulua River - 50 Km from Luiza City - 250 Km from Kananga |
919.388.000 |
Corn, Soybeans, Peanuts, Wheat, Beef, Goat and Pork, Fish, Chicken, Vegetables |
|
08 |
NGANDAJIKA |
Kasaï-Oriental |
78.000 |
The site stretches on both sides of the Sankuru River. |
951.801.000 |
Peanuts, Wheat, Beef, Goat and Pork, Vegetables |
|
09 |
LOTOKILA |
Province Orientale |
95.000 |
Located on the southern bank of the Congo River, opposite the Yangambi Research Institute. |
2.293.891.293 |
Corn, Peanuts, Wheat, Beef, Goat and Pork, Chicken, Fish, Vegetables |
|
AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PARKS(continued) |
|||||
|
N° |
Names |
Provinces |
Area in Hectare |
Cost/USD |
Production |
|
10 |
MUSHIE PENTANE |
Bandundu |
41.000 |
300.000.000 |
Sugar Cane, Tomato, Corn, Beef, Goat and Fish |
|
11 |
BUSINGA |
Equateur |
65.000 |
300.000.000 |
Corn, Soy, Peanut, Vegetables, Sunflower, Beef, Chicken, Goat, Fish and Pork |
|
12 |
RUZIZI |
Sud-Kivu |
80.000 |
300.000.000 |
Rice, Vegetables, Beef, Goats and Fish |
4. Future Prospects
The Government’s program for agricultural development aims to:
- Strengthen the contribution of agriculture to economic growth;
- Restore the country’s food security;
- Reduce poverty and insecurity in rural areas;
- Increase the production of food and perennial products;
- Encouraging Import Substitution.
In order to achieve these objectives, the program responds to agricultural and rural strategies and policies that affect:
- Raising public awareness;
- Production;
- Evacuation;
- Storage;
- Processing;
- Marketing of agricultural products.
To this end, in May 2013, the Government adopted the National Agricultural Investment Plan (PNIA 2013-2020).
This plan is the national framework for planning national and external funds in the agricultural and rural sector. Its overall objective is to stimulate sustained growth in the agricultural sector of more than 6%, to ensure food and nutritional security for the Congolese people, and to generate sustainable employment and income. Four modalities are planned
The NIPA is structured around five programs, namely: development of agricultural and agro-industrial areas; product and food security management; research, development and training; governance and strengthening of the sector’s human and institutional capacities; and adaptation to climate change.
The cornerstone of the NIPA is the progressive development of about twenty agro-industrial parks on several tens of thousands of hectares throughout the country.
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Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ministry of Planning
National Investment Promotion Agency
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33C, Boulevard du 30 Juin,Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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